Introduction
The building is the structure contains roofs, wall, stairs, door, windows and other opening use for various purpose. Building construction includes the construction of residential and non-residential building, commercial and institutional building etc. Building serves several societal needs primarily as the shelter from weather, security, living space, privacy, to store belonging and to comfortably live and work.
Types of building
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Residential building
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Educational building
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Institutional building
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Religious building
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Business building
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Assembly building
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Industrial building
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Mercantile building
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Storage building
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Hazardous building
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Military building
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Governmental building
Residential building
The building which are used for normal residential purpose
and should facility activities such as living, sleeping, cooking etc. The
building most include one or more family member, apartments, flats and private
garage.
Educational Building
Building which are build for educational purpose to serve a
locality, specific region, or country. These building includes any building
used by school, college, universities, day care etc. involving instruction,
education, and recreation.
Institutional Building
Institutional building simply refers to any structure that
fulfill role related to health care, education, public work etc. These building
includes any building which are the part of hospital, clinic, health post,
nursing center, jails, prisons, mental hospitals etc.
Religious Building
A building constructed or used for religious purpose like
worship and meditation. For example, temple, church, mosque, gumbo, gurudwara
etc.
Business Building
Business building is a building which is used for specific business
for example offices, bank, court, etc.
Assembly Building
These building may include any building or part of building
where group of people gather for recreation, social cause, discussion or for
program. For example assembly hall, exhibition hall, seminar hall, theater etc.
Industrial Building
These types of building are mainly used for manufacturing
purpose. Here production of materials of all king and properties are
fabricated, assembled or product. For example cold store, garage, refinery,
mills dairies etc.
Mercantile Building
The building which are build for business purpose it
includes shop, shopping mahal, met store, whole sell store, market or retail
etc.
Storage building
These building are generally used for the storage sheltering
of goods, wares or merchandise like warehouse, cold store, garage etc.
Hazardous Building
These types of building include any building which is used
for storage, handling, manufacture or processing of highly combustible
material, explosive materials or produce poisonous fumes. These building is
used to store, handle or manufacturing, highly corrosive, toxic, acidic or
other liquids or chemicals that produce flames, explosive etc.
Military Building
Those building which are used by only military person for
their training and storing their arms and ammunition.
Government Building
Government building is a type of building which are used by
government officers and leaders. For example, Municipality office, public
services commission (PSC), ministry also universities, school, college etc.
Type of Load
There are different type of load acting in building
structure they are:
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Dead Load
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Live Load
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Wind Load
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Snow Load
·
Earthquake Load
Dead load
Dead load also known as permanent load or static load are
those that remain relatively constant over time. For, example the weight of a
building’s structural elements such as beam, columns, walls, roof and
structural flooring components.
Live load
Live load refers to the temporary load transits load that
move thorough building component within varies with time. For example, moving
car, furniture, people, water tank etc.
Wind load
Wind load is a load that acts on the direction of the wind
strike of area length-height or breadth-height.
Snow load
It is the load of snow in the cold. Snow load is the
downward force on the building roofs by the weight of snow or ice. The roofs or
entire structure can fail if the snow load exceeds the weight it was designed.
Earthquake load
Earthquake is the load or shaking force acting on building
on the earth’s movement. It is designed properly up to certain magnitude.
Improper design of earthquake load can cause failure of the structure due to
earthquake.
Components of building
Component of building means the physical element of the
building which counter load and support the weight of the structure.
Foundation
Foundation is the lower portion of the structure which is in
direct contact with ground to which loads are transmitted.
Footing is the lower most portion of the foundation which is
in direct contact with subsoil.
Types of foundation
Sallow Foundation
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Spread foundation
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Combined foundation
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Continuous foundation
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Strip foundation
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Strap foundation
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Mat foundation
Deep Foundation
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Pile foundation
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Pire foundation
Consideration in building design
Design consideration are areas that may affect the
requirements designs or operational concept of a system:
I.
Accessibility
II.
Architecture
III.
Branding
IV.
Color
V.
Cost
VI.
Culture
VII.
Durability
VIII.
Deconstruction / Dismantle
IX.
Functionality
X.
Health and safety
XI.
Layout and composition
XII.
Lightness
XIII.
Material
XIV.
Look
XV.
Positioning
XVI.
Requirement
XVII.
Security
XVIII.
Style
XIX.
Technology
XX.
Design